The 2017 ghana maternal health survey 2017 gmhs was implemented by the ghana statistical service gss and the ghana health service ghs from 15 june through 12 october 2017. A rootcause analysis of maternal deaths in botswana. Percent distribution of causes of death among women age 1249 in the five years. Distribution of causes of maternal mortality among. The consequences of maternal morbidity and maternal mortality. The report further provides estimates of mortality indicators using the 2010 population and housing census data. Numbers percentages of maternal deaths and maternal mortality rates per 100 000 live births 95% con. Hence the study explores how religion and spirituality determines healthseeking behavior and uptake of health care utilization focusing on women and children in ghana. Its marked by high blood pressure in women whose blood pressure had been normal.
Children in the second decade of life face health challenges as well. The key factors that have been associated with neonatal mortality include infections, preterm births, low birth weights, birth trauma, and hypothermia kirkwood et. End rates in the upper east region of ghana and characterize communitybased stillbirths and end in terms of timing, cause of death, and maternal and infant risk factors. For example, if the maternal mortality ratio is about 400 deaths per 100,000 live births, one would have to follow an average population of 500,000 annually for 5 years to observe 400 maternal deaths. The aim of the study is, therefore, to assess and analyze the causes of maternal mortality according to sociodemographic factors in ghana. The data are estimated with a regression model using information on the proportion of maternal deaths among nonaids deaths in women ages 1549, fertility, birth attendants, and gdp. In other regions, including asia and north africa, even greater headway has been made. Hypertensive states of pregnancywerethecurrentleadingcauseofmaternalmortality. A retrospective study of maternal deaths at the komfo anokye teaching hospital in kumasi, ghana between january 2008 and june 2010 found that hdp were the leading cause of institutional mortality. Mdg%20acceleration%20frameworkmaf%20brochure%20weben. The consequences of maternal morbidity and maternal.
This trend is promising and with time and more effort, the 54 per 100,000 target will be achieved. Of those, 7080% are due to direct obstetric causes i. In 2005, the global estimate for mmr was 402 maternal deaths per 100,000 livebirths, with 99% of the burden borne by developing nations figure 1 1. Percentage share of mortality attributed to different causes of death, 2008. The major physical factors include direct causes of maternal mortality notably haemorrhage, delay in reaching health facility and delay from the health facility. Preeclamptic women will have a high level of protein in their urine and often also have swelling in the feet, legs, and hands which usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Risk factors for child mortality in the kassenanankana.
Subsaharan africa accounts for 50% of all maternal deaths globally 1. Jan 15, 2019 according to the latest who data published in 2018 life expectancy in ghana is. The causes of maternal deaths in ghana follow the trends of a developing country. There are also indirect or nonclinical causes of maternal mortality senah, 2003. Three hundred and twentytwo maternal deaths with 30 269 live births in the period 1 january 2008 to 30 june 2010. Maternal mortality in the greater accra region in ghana. A communitybased survey on maternal mortality was carried out in the ejisu health district of ghana in january and february 1990 to identify all women who died in pregnancy, delivery or the puerperium from january 1985 to december 1989, determine their characteristics, the presumptive causes. Three data sets 2016 and 20 data sets on maternal mortality, and a data set on the causes of maternal deaths were used in the analysis.
This chart shows the change in the top 25 causes of ylls due to premature mortality from 1990 to 2010. In addition, malnutrition and diseases acquired through insect bites continued to be common. In 2010, there was a drop to 325 per 100,000 live births. Underfive mortality rate per live births maternal mortality ratio per 100 000 live births deaths due to hivaids per 100 000 population deaths due to malaria per 100 000 population deaths due to tuberculosis among hivnegative people per 100 000 population 760 380 128 98. The funding for the 2017 gmhs was provided by the government of ghana, the united states agency for international development usaid, the. Among children under five years of age, 70 percent of deaths are caused by infections compounded by malnutrition.
Of those, 7080% are due to direct obstetric causes. Who lists malaria and measles as the leading causes of premature death in ghana. Jan 08, 2016 the association between maternal education and child mortality is not unique to ghana. This cause is mostly prevalent among the teeming ghanaian youth who through their actions and inactions get pregnant. Nov 11, 2016 background while the main causes of maternal mortality in low and middle income countries are well understood, less is known about whether patterns for causes of maternal deaths among adolescents are the same as for older women. Obstetric factors like ectopic pregnancy, obstructed labor and unsafe abortions can also be a cause of maternal mortality in ghana.
May 12, 2019 preeclampsia leading cause of maternal mortality. A communitybased survey on maternal mortality was carried out in the ejisu health district of ghana in january and february 1990 to identify all women who died in pregnancy, delivery or the puerperium from january 1985 to december 1989, determine their characteristics, the presumptive causes of dea. Ghana national newborn health strategy and action plan 20142018. Community based studies, on maternal mortality are urgently needed in ghana, since our autopsy studies indicates that 81% of deaths recorded in this study ocurred in c the community or within 24 hours of admission to a health facility. Preeclampsia is a broad term used to define all forms of hypertensive complications in pregnancies. The conflict of interest mmr was calculated to be 1 004 per 100 000 live births 95% confidence interval the authors have stated explicitly that there 895. Maternal and newborn health disparities unicef data.
Though strategies are in place to address it, progress made is unsatisfactory and the sustainable development goal 3 risks being missed. Direct causes of maternal mortality as indicated in previous studies conducted in ghana include haemorrhage postpartum and ante partum. At first glance, it appears that maternal mortality increased between 1983 and 1990, but in reality differences between the two estimates is almost certainly a reflection of the alternative strategies used for estimation world health organization and united nations children s fund, 1996. Technology has become the driving force to well developed economies. Ghana 2017 maternal health survey key findings sr251. In subsaharan africa, a number of countries have halved their levels of maternal mortality since 1990. Stillbirths and early neonatal mortality in rural northern. Maternal mortality ratio, reported per 100,000 live births lifetime risk of maternal death 1 in n. Reducing maternal and child mortality is one of the biggest ongoing challenges facing populations in low and middleincome nations such as ghana, said sodzi sodzitettey, md, executive director of project fives alive. This study examines the leading causes of maternal mortality in ghana, classifies the main causes of maternal deaths and suggests how maternal care can be improved. Maternal mortality ratio mmr, case fatality rate, leading causes of maternal deaths, duration of admission and staffpatient ratio. In particular, we hope that this new project will tackle some of the hardest challenges to safe maternal and child care. However, between 1990 and 2010, the global maternal mortality ratio i. Ghana introduction of solid, semisolid or soft foods 69 months, %.
The world health organization who 2011 defines maternal death as, the death of a woman while pregnant. Eastern region was leading in maternal mortality ratio 461 maternal deaths per 00 live births in 2016, followed by the volta region. Jul 11, 2019 the 2017 ghana maternal health survey 2017 gmhs was designed to produce representative estimates for maternal mortality indicators for the country as a whole, and for each of the three geographical zones, namely coastal western, central, greater accra and volta, middle eastern, ashanti and brong ahafo and northern northern, upper east and upper west. Ghanas neonatal mortality rate nmr is 28 deaths per 1,000 live births. Abstract objective to calculate perinatal mortality stillbirth and early neonatal death. All women age 1549 in selected households were eligible for individual interviews. Ninetytwo percent of the deaths were due to direct obstetric causes and 8% to indirect causes. Percent decline in agespecific mortality rate by sex from 19902010 in ghana causes of premature death years of life lost ylls quantify premature mortality by weighting younger deaths more than older deaths. Establishing the causes of childhood mortality in ghana. Ghana maternal mortality rate 20002021 macrotrends. Top 50 causes of death in ghana today 2019 kikiotolu news. Regional estimates show that haemorrhage and hypertension are.
Direct causes are those that result from the pregnancy. Nearly half of the adolescent girls in ghana are anemic, making it a public health problem. Dhs, mics, other ns 88 92 92 96 90 0 20 40 60 80 100 1998 dhs 2003 dhs 2006 mics 2007 other ns 2008 dhs % 44 47 50 55 57 0 40 80 100 2003 2006 mics 2007 other ns 2008 % 86 20 80 100 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 % antenatal care percent of women aged 1549 years. For the data set on causes of maternal deaths, hypertensive disorder was the leading determining factor of maternal deaths, followed by hemorrhage. Distribution of causes of maternal mortality among different. Almost all maternal deaths 99 percent occur in the developing world world health. Child mortality rate of ghana fell gradually from 202. Disparities in key maternal and newborn health interventions, ghana, 2014 2 iarrhoeal diseases 04 hvas 0 pertussis 0 nuries acute respiratory infections 3 tetanus 0 ther ncs 02 other 4. Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births by age and residence.
This resolve by states to reduce maternal mortality. Deaths among reproductive aged women between 1997 and 1999 in and around jeremie, haiti were classi. Indirect causes, which include deaths due to conditions such as malaria, hivaids and cardiac diseases, account for about onefifth of maternal deaths. High level of anemia among girls is of particular concern because it is a leading cause of maternal mortality, low birth weight and premature birth. Stillbirths and early neonatal mortality in rural northern ghana. Across both developed and developing countries, the literature is clear on the direct and proximate causes of maternal deaths black, simon, johnson, lawn. Maternal care performance, ghana, 19882011 figure 14. Top 10 causes of death lowermrespiratorylinfections was the leading cause of death, killing 22. The causes of maternal mortality in adolescents in low and. Neonatal mortality in ghana 3 the country of ghana is struggling to prevent neonatal mortality.
The report further provides estimates of mortality indicators. The most recent survey shows that the maternal mortality of ghana as at 2015 is 319 per 100,000 live births. Pneumonia has been rated as a prime cause of children under five years mortality in ghana, with an annual death of 4,300 children and 72,000 cases though it is vaccine preventable. In subsaharan africa, a number of countries halved their levels of maternal mortality since 1990. One hundred and twentyone of the cases were correctly classified. Ghana maternal health survey 2017 key indicators report pr95. The report discusses the quality of mortality data in ghana, identifies methodological approaches for the estimation of key indicators of mortality in ghana. This makes the reexamination of the risk factors for child mortality crucial as results will aid in the. Maternal mortality and related factors in ejisu district, ghana. The largest of the factors, infections, are extremely preventable. December 20 volume 47, number 4 ghana medical journal. Estimates of maternal mortality ratio mmr, maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, number of maternal deaths, lifetime risk, percentage of aidsrelated indirect maternal deaths and proportion of deaths among women of reproductive age that are due to maternal causes pm, by country, 2015.
High maternal deaths in developing countries are recognised as a public health issue. Distribution of causes of maternal mortality among different socio. Reducing maternal mortality in developing countries givewell. Between 1990 and 2015, the global maternal mortality ratio the number of maternal deaths per 100 000 live births declined by only 2. Ideas and solutions to ending maternal mortality rate in ghana. Maternal mortality and related factors in ejisu district. Hypertensive states of pregnancy were the leading cause of mortality 26. Reducing maternal mortality and morbidity improving. Jul 27, 2011 hypertensive states of pregnancy were the leading cause of mortality 26. Ghana 3 ghana maternal and newborn health disparities in 2015, 884,000 babies were born in ghana, or around 2,400 every day. The people are economically deprived subsistence farmers, with poor access to quality health services.
The infant mortality rate in ghana is 41 live births. Causes of maternal deaths coverage along the continuum of care source. The funding for the 2017 gmhs was provided by the government of ghana, the united states agency for international development usaid. The major physical factors include direct causes of maternal mortality notably haemorrhage, delay in reaching health facility and delay from the.
Henry mosley noted that the consequences of maternal mortality are extremely difficult to measure, because it is a relatively rare demographic event. Where possible we compare the main causes for adolescents with those for. To identify specific causes of maternal and non maternal deaths. Predictors of neonatal deaths in ashanti region of ghana. The 2017 ghana maternal health survey gmhs is designed to provide data for monitoring the maternal health. List of top 50 leading causes of death in ghana 2019. It was observed that maternal deaths are usually directly related to causes, such as hemorrhage, unsafe abortion, hypertensive disorders. Mar 10, 2011 direct causes of maternal mortality as indicated in previous studies conducted in ghana include haemorrhage postpartum and ante partum, abortion, miscarriage, sepsis, obstructed labour, ectopic pregnancy, pre eclampsia and embolism 11, 15.
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